📌置頂文章📌 活動記錄:永社2023年轉型正義工作坊(活動已結束)

2017年4月25日 星期二

Anti-reform protesters a far cry from Sunflowers

Huang Di-ying  黃帝穎
(Huang Di-ying is a lawyer and director of Taiwan Forever Association)
(作者為律師、永社理事)

Translated by Perry Svensson

TAIPEI TIMES / Editorials 2017.04.25
http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2017/04/25/2003669360

After the legislature on Wednesday decided to initiate the first review of the draft pension reform act, groups opposing the reform proposals began a violent protest outside the legislature. They even assaulted county commissioners, mayors and legislators entering the building and some of the protesters wondered what was wrong with that, saying: “If the Sunflower movement protesters could do it, why can’t we?”

In a play on words alluding to the Sunflower movement, these protesters are now being called the “No-money-to-spend movement.”

The guiding principle for the movement opposing pension reforms is to protect their own vested interests, while the Sunflower movement was fighting for a loftier reason — the public interest against the opaque handling of cross-strait service trade agreement negotiations.

There is no comparing the two, so the discussion should stick to whether the anti-reform protesters’ violent behavior is in line with a court decision that civil disobedience could offset illegal behavior.

The key factor that caused the Taipei District Court to arrive at a not-guilty verdict in the case against Lin Fei-fan (林飛帆) and the other Sunflower movement protesters for occupying the main chamber of the Legislative Yuan was that they met seven requirements of civil disobedience which offset any legal violations.

Applying these seven factors to the behavior of the anti-reform protesters who assaulted legislators and other officials makes it clear that they do not meet the requirements.

So, legally speaking, they cannot refer to the Sunflower movement verdict.

The fourth of the seven conditions for civil disobedience requires “open and non-violent behavior,” meaning that then-premier Jiang Yi-huah (江宜樺) could freely visit the legislature and engage in dialogue with the protesters without being assaulted by the Sunflower students in the way that officials and legislators were beaten by the anti-reform protesters.

The court’s sixth condition for civil disobedience was that there must be “an element of necessity, in that there must be no other legally effective methods available.”

The Sunflower movement was a protest against the cross-strait service trade agreement, and had the agreement been passed, there would be no more legal recourse for the students to address the situation, which was the reason why the court came to the conclusion that the protest met the necessity requirement.

If the pension reform bill is passed, on the other hand, the protesters would still have other avenues for addressing the situation — they could file an administrative appeal and even turn to the Council of Grand Justices for a constitutional interpretation of the decision.

The protesters against pension reforms abandoned seeking redress through legal channels and instead decided to beat up legislators and officials. This is not only an ugly way of defending their vested interests, but it also lags far behind the moral vantage point of the Sunflower movement.

From a legal point of view, the protesters against reform do not meet the requirements for civil disobedience, and they are fundamentally unworthy of comparison with the Sunflower movement.

Polygraph tests always unscientific

Wu Ching-chin 吳景欽

(Wu Ching-chin is an associate professor, chair of Aletheia University’s law department and director of Taiwan Forever Association)
(作者為真理大學法律系副教授兼系主任、永社理事)

Translated by Lin Lee-kai

TAIPEI TIMES / Editorials 2017.04.24
http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2017/04/24/2003669303

Group one of the National Congress on Judicial Reform preparatory committee passed a resolution that would prohibit performing polygraph tests — commonly known as lie detector tests — on the disadvantaged, in the hope of protecting the rights of disadvantaged victims and defendants in lawsuits.

However, defining “disadvantaged” is problematic. Another issue to consider is whether a polygraph test would be more or less effective depending on whether the subject belongs to a privileged or a disadvantaged group.

The premise for polygraph testing is that the truth or falsehood of one’s statement will trigger a specific, uncontrollable, physiological reaction in the subject that can be measured and then interpreted by an expert. These assumptions may appear scientific, but they have always been controversial.

The doubts about performing polygraph tests mainly focus on their objectiveness: Whether the examiner is an expert, whether the polygraph instrument meets standards, whether the environment where the test is performed is normal; all these factors will affect the results of a test, and in combination with the fact that physiological conditions differ between people, the question is how there could be a consistent benchmark for evaluation.

Other scientific tests, such as DNA tests, are not affected by such factors, and such tests can be reproduced by other experts using the same procedure, which means that their accuracy is extremely high.

In comparison, polygraph testing cannot rule out many of the variables, which means that it does not have the reproducibility required by science, and the accuracy of the process and the results cannot be examined — a fatal weakness of polygraph testing.

Although practical criminal justice in Taiwan does not rule out this method of evidence, it does require that the examiner has received expert training and is experienced, that the equipment is of good quality and operates normally and that the environment does not interfere.

In addition, polygraph tests require that the subject is in a normal physical mental state. In order to keep the respondent in this state, examiners must inform the subject of their right to refuse the test and the possible effects of polygraph testing, and they must verify that the subject’s physical and mental state is conducive to conducting a test.

That there are so many requirements reveals the concern that a lie detector test carried out under duress will violate the defendant’s right to a defense and that results are likely to be distorted.
Although judicial practice has such strict requirements around polygraph testing, in reality these requirements might not be met, because the environment is controlled by the interrogator and the subject is alone. Even if the subjects are innocent, it is doubtful whether they would be in their normal physical and mental state.

Furthermore, there is no institution to issue expert certificates to interrogators and no objective standard for procedures, which raises the question of how polygraph results should be validated.

Even worse, polygraph testing is often carried out because prosecutors think defendants are not telling the truth. This creates a risk that examiners might be prejudiced and makes it difficult to ensure that they are truly objective. Even if the defendant does not confess, these factors would make it hard not to fail the test, in effect turning it into a confession.

It often happens that even if the subject passes the polygraph test, the authorities reject the result and send the defendant to another institution for another test. This not only seriously violates the defendant’s right against self-incrimination, it also raises suspicions that defendants are given polygraph tests over and over again to frame them.

The validity of the polygraph test in criminal trials therefore has nothing to do with whether the subject belongs to an advantaged or disadvantaged group. However, it is necessary to comprehensively review whether this technology is a matter of pseudoscience disguised as science and whether it should be banned from the courtroom.

After all, the mindset that if a defendant does not confess, they will be subjected to a polygraph test — and if they do not pass the test, they are guilty — violates the presumption of innocence and is possibly a source of injustice.

2017年4月22日 星期六

【座談會】0422「檢察官不是行政官嗎?檢察官定位與檢察制度改革」座談會


敬請報名:https://goo.gl/forms/1tRnASfeLUmhEU6x2

逢司法改革國是會議密集進行之際,各界對檢察官定位「究竟為行政官或司法官?」、檢察權入憲、檢察一體與檢察官獨立性、偵查不公開原則、檢察官究責、淘汰機制等討論非常熱烈,然包括檢警關係(雙偵查主體?) 、檢察官進場與退場機制等重要議題,司法改革國是會議卻反而較少觸及。為此,永社特別邀請專家學者,舉辦座談會,盼能提出檢察制度改善之建言,供司法改革國是會議參考。

時間:04/22(六) 09:30-11:45
地點:台大校友會館三樓 3A會議室
主辦單位:永社、法操FOLLAW

主持人:陳傳岳 / 律師、永社名譽理事長

與談人:范文清 / 東吳大學法律學系副教授
    高宏銘 / 律師、法操共同創辦人、曾任檢察官
    鄭文龍 / 律師、永社理事
    吳景欽 / 真理大學法律系副教授兼系所主任
    (邀請中)

時間分配:
 主持人10min
 與談人15min
 綜合討論 45min

敬請報名:https://goo.gl/forms/1tRnASfeLUmhEU6x2
活動頁面:https://www.facebook.com/events/205705243250210/

2017年4月20日 星期四

測謊有效性也分強勢弱勢嗎

吳景欽(作者為真理大學法律系副教授兼系所主任、永社理事)

蘋果日報/論壇 2017.04.20
http://www.appledaily.com.tw/appledaily/article/headline/20170420/37624294/

司改國是會議第一分組決議,未來將禁止對弱勢者進行測謊,期能有效保障弱勢被害人與被告於訴訟上的權益,只是弱勢者如何界定,卻肯定是個問題。更值得注意的是,測謊的有效性,難道會因受測者是強勢、是弱勢,致有所差別?

測謊有效性的前提,乃基於人所言真假能夠引發特定的生理反應,且在個人無法自我控制下,這些反應能被儀器所測知,並為專家所判讀。惟此前提看似科學,卻一直存有爭議。

以對被告測謊的質疑,首來自於其是否有客觀性,如施測者的專業性與否、儀器運作是否合於標準、施測環境是否正常等等,皆會影響受測的結果,又在每個人的生理狀況皆不同下,如何能有一致的判定基準?如與其他科學鑑識,如DNA相較,由於此種鑑定不具有上述的干擾因素,也可由其他專家依相同程序為檢視,準確性極高。相對而言,測謊無法排除諸多干擾因素,致不具有科學所強調的再現性,就無法檢視過程與結果的正確性,致成為測謊鑑定的致命傷。 

我國刑事司法實務雖不排除此種證據方法,卻要求施測者須受有良好的專業訓練與經驗、施測機器品質良好且運作正常與施測環境必須排除干擾外,更得在受測者身心及意識正常的情況,才得為測謊。而為使相對人保持此狀態,施測者既應告知得拒絕的權利與測謊所可能帶來的影響,更得先檢視身心狀態是否適於受測。凡此要求,正暴露出在受迫情況所為的測謊,不僅侵害被告的防禦權,其取得的結果必也失真。 

違背無罪推定原則

惟就算司法實務對測謊鑑定有如此嚴格要求,卻未必能獲得實踐,因在施測空間為偵訊者所掌控,而受測者處於孤立下,即便是無辜者,其身心果能保持正常?甚且目前國內,並無對測謊者專業認證的機構,亦無任何客觀的標準程序,又何能檢驗測謊結果的有效性?

更糟的是,現行測謊,往往是在檢方認為被告不說真話或不認罪時為之,施測者即可能存有先入為主的偏見,致難保證其中立性。若被告仍不認罪,即難逃測謊未過的宿命,致等同是變相的自白。甚而於受測者已通過測謊之場合,但執法者仍不相信,致再送其他機關為施測,亦所在多有,既嚴重侵害被告的不自證己罪權,也讓人懷疑,一再送測謊,是否只為入人於罪?

也因此,關於測謊於刑事審判的有效性,實與受測者是強、是弱無關,而是該全面檢視,這種鑑定技術,是否僅是披著科學外衣的偽科學,致應被屏除於法院之外。畢竟,不認罪送測謊、測謊未過等同有罪的思考邏輯,絕對與刑事司法的無罪推定原則相違背,更可能成為冤罪的根源。

回答「太陽花可以,為什麼我們不行?」

黃帝穎(作者為律師、永社理事)

自由時報/自由廣場 2017.04.20
http://talk.ltn.com.tw/article/paper/1095838

立法院昨進行年金改革法案初審,反年改團體在外進行激烈抗爭,甚至暴力毆打縣市首長及多名立委,部分反年改人士竟稱「太陽花可以,為什麼我們不行?」因此遭網友諷刺這是「沒錢花運動」

姑且不論反年改的「沒錢花運動」,活動宗旨只是為維護個人「既得利益」,與太陽花反黑箱服貿的憲政高度「公益目的」,根本無法比擬。僅論反年改的暴力行為,是否符合法院認定「公民不服從」的阻卻違法事由。

台北地方法院在太陽花學運的攻佔立法院案,判決林飛帆等人無罪的關鍵理由,是認定符合七要件的「公民不服從」,得阻卻違法。但用此七要件檢驗「沒錢花運動」的毆打立委、官員暴行,即可發現反年改群眾不符「公民不服從」,也就是說,「沒錢花」法律上根本不配引用「太陽花」。

法院的「公民不服從」七要件,其中第四要件是「須為公開及非暴力行為」,因此太陽花運動時,時任行政院長江宜樺可以到立法院旁與學生對話,且來去自如,不若「沒錢花運動」的暴力圍毆官員和立委。

「公民不服從」的第六要件是「須有必要性原則,也就是沒有其他合法、有效的替代手段可以使用」,太陽花反黑箱服貿,服貿一旦通過,學生無法透過司法手段救濟,因此符合必要性原則;相反的,「沒錢花運動」反年金改革,就算通過年改方案,既得利益者還是可以提行政爭訟,甚至是大法官釋憲來救濟。

簡單的說,反年改人士捨合法的救濟手段不用,竟跑到立法院來毆打官員和立委,這不只是「吃相難看」的維護既得利益,遠比不上太陽花學生的「護民主」情操。在法律上,「沒錢花運動」更不符合法院認定的「公民不服從」要件,根本不配比擬「太陽花運動」。

2017年4月17日 星期一

人權不准入境中國

吳景欽(作者為真理大學法律系副教授兼系所主任、永社理事)

自由時報/自由廣場 2017.04.16
http://talk.ltn.com.tw/article/paper/1094705

國人李明哲,在中國以危害國家安全之理由被拘留,陸委會雖召開記者會,強烈要求對岸能依海峽兩岸共同打擊犯罪及司法互助協議(簡稱共打協議),通報與保障我國民之人身安全。惟就算回到共打協議,我方人員亦無法探視。

兩岸的人道探視,根據共打協議第十三章第十二點,於對方人員被限制人身自由時,既須及時通報,亦應給予家屬探視之便利。只是,共打協議並未特別針對兩岸的政治現實,而為特別的規範,致須依各自法律進行相關程序。

而就我方來說,依據刑事訴訟法第八十八條之一第四項,任何人被無拘票的緊急逮捕時,檢警須告知本人及其家屬得選任辯護人,這即是對親屬的通知義務。但同樣是無令狀的現行犯逮捕,卻無相類規定,實為嚴重的缺漏,亟待立法補強。而無論何種情況,於檢警對被告為偵訊時,基於偵查不公開,就僅能有律師在場。

至於被告受羈押之場合,依我國刑事訴訟法第一○三條第二項,必須將押票送交被告指定之親友,其並可依刑事訴訟法第一○五條第二項為接見。惟法院仍可以有湮滅證據或勾串證人之虞,禁止被告接見外人,惟此禁令,根據大法官釋字第六五四號解釋之意旨,不能包括辯護人。

故我國對人身自由受拘束的刑事被告,相關之通知與探視等規定,或有缺陷,卻已能降低與避免親屬陷入手足無措之境地。但對岸的法制,是否也有相對應的保障,卻有疑問。

依中國刑事訴訟法第八十三條第二項,公安機關拘留人犯後,須在二十四小時內通知家屬,惟若涉嫌危害國家安全之犯罪,就排除於通知範圍內。而中國刑法雖列有危害國家安全罪的專章,但其中的處罰要件,如顛覆國家政權、推翻社會主義制度或破壞國家統一等,皆屬極不明確的法律概念,即便如李明哲般,只是宣揚台灣民主及與維權人士見面,也會碰觸到對岸的敏感神經,致動輒得咎。

總之,在危害國家安全罪可恣意解釋下,對岸就算回歸兩岸共打協議之正軌,亦能依己方之法,正當且輕易排除對李明哲之妻的通知義務,更遑論有所謂探視權存在,致顯露出中國人權保障的現況。

2017年4月16日 星期日

Reopen the KMT illegal party asset sales probe

Huang Di-ying  黃帝穎
(Huang Di-ying is a lawyer and director of Taiwan Forever Association)
(作者為律師、永社理事)

Translated by Julian Clegg

TAIPEI TIMES / Editorials 2017.04.15
http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2017/04/15/2003668741

The Supreme Prosecutors’ Office Special Investigation Division (SID), abolished on Jan. 1, was responsible for investigating possible irregularities in the 2005 sale of three media companies previously owned by the Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT), namely the Broadcasting Corp of China (BCC), China Television Co and Central Motion Picture Corp (CMPC) — a case that involved former president and then-KMT chairman Ma Ying-jeou (馬英九).

However, in August 2014, when the nation was focused on relief operations following a series of gas explosions in Kaohsiung, the SID closed the case, saying that it had found no evidence of illegality. At the time, people in the legal field criticized the SID and suggested that it was trying to avoid oversight by closing the case at a time of crisis.

After the SID’s abolition, the Executive Yuan’s Ill-gotten Party Assets Settlement Committee has investigated the sale of land belonging to CMPC.

The committee found that the SID did not summon Ma for questioning, even though he was the main decisionmaker in the sale.

On Tuesday, news media reported that the SID had discovered statements made by KMT figures, one of which had said: “At the time, we barely got paid.”

In view of these findings, the committee is compiling new evidence that it will hand over to the Taipei District Prosecutors’ Office, possibly this week. Reopening investigations into the disposal of the three companies would help clarify suspicions about Ma’s involvement in the sale of the KMT assets and it would help restore public confidence in public prosecution.

There are other dubious points to the case besides procedural problems, such as the SID’s apparent failure to question Ma and the way it closed the case just after the Kaohsiung disaster.

KMT Central Policy Committee director Alex Tsai (蔡正元) has been embroiled in a war of words with Hsu Chiao-hsin (徐巧芯), spokeswoman for Ma’s office.

“Someone sold the party assets, but could not collect the money… Someone will go to hell if you [Hsu] mention the CMPC case again,” Tsai wrote on Facebook.

The SID’s closure of the case has clearly not removed doubts about the sale, so the Taipei District Prosecutors’ Office should reopen investigations.

While investigating the BCC sale, the assets committee found that people related to the case had said that when the KMT sold its stake, “some people made higher bids than Jaw Shaw-kong (趙少康),” referring to the former politician and radio commentator who eventually bought the BCC in 2006 and became its chairman.

These people accused the KMT of underpricing the BCC when it sold it to Jaw, which constitutes breach of trust, a criminal offense.

The existence of such recorded statements also means that the Taipei District Prosecutors’ Office could summon people other than Tsai for questioning. Furthermore, there is likely to be more evidence in the committee’s files that could constitute a valid basis for reopening the investigation.

The SID’s involvement in the scandal — in which Ma allegedly collaborated with then-prosecutor-general Huang Shih-ming (黃世銘) to divulge classified information, conduct unwarranted phone-tapping and wage a political war against then-legislative speaker Wang Jin-pyng (王金平) — caused it to degrade into a political tool and lose all credibility.

That is why the public remained utterly unconvinced by the SID’s conclusions when it closed the case in the wake of the gas blasts. Now that new evidence has come to light, and in view of Tsai’s revelations, the Taipei District Prosecutors’ Office should take up the case where the SID left off.

2017年4月12日 星期三

三中案 應重啟偵查

黃帝穎(作者為律師,永社副理事長)

自由時報/自由廣場 2017.04.11
http://talk.ltn.com.tw/article/paper/1093334

(圖片來源:自由時報/資料照,記者簡榮豐攝

二○一四年八月高雄氣爆期間,全國忙於救災,但特偵組竟趁亂簽結馬英九三中案,當時引發法界批評特偵組「心態可議」,質疑趁亂簽結是「規避監督」。

昨媒體報導,行政院黨產會追查中影土地案時,果然發現國民黨人士證稱「當時差點收不到錢」等語,且交易案主要決策者馬英九,竟從未被特偵組傳訊,因此黨產會最快本週彙整相關新事證,移送台北地檢署。確實,三中案重啟偵查,有助釐清馬英九出售黨產相關疑案,以及重建人民對檢察官的信賴。

事實上,三中案的疑點,不只有特偵組未傳喚馬英九的明顯瑕疵、趁災簽結等程序問題,國民黨政策會執行長蔡正元更在日前與馬辦發言人徐巧芯隔空交火,爆料「有人賣黨產收不到錢」、「有人會下地獄」等語,顯見三中案疑點,並未因特偵組簽結而釐清,北檢仍有重啟偵查的必要。

更明確的是,黨產會調查中廣案時,發現相關人士證稱國民黨出售中廣股權時「有人出了比趙少康更高的價錢」,直指國民黨賣中廣股權給趙少康,涉及低賣。實務上,此類公司「賤賣」事實,至少涉及刑法背信罪嫌,且不只有蔡正元,北檢可傳喚其作證,應還有更多的黨產會卷內資料,得做為三中案重啟偵查的證據基礎。

簡單地說,特偵組在淪為黃世銘與馬英九共犯洩密、濫權監聽及鬥爭王金平的「政治工具」後,已不具絲毫公信力。因此,特偵組趁高雄氣爆救災期間簽結三中案,完全無法讓社會信服,如今黨產會調查掌握新事證,且蔡正元也隔空爆料,北檢自應重啟偵查三中案。

【聯合新聞稿】撤銷亞泥違法展限 太魯閣族人訴願遞狀



全台灣單一礦區最大的礦場-亞洲水泥公司新城山礦場,在礦業法和環評法規修正前夕,竟由經濟部暗渡陳倉,以史上最快速的3.5個月核准展限20年。為了捍衛部落的安全與尊嚴,花蓮太魯閣富世部落的族人扶老攜幼,清晨五點搭車出發,在立法委員、義務律師及公民團體的陪伴下,向行政院提起訴願,要求行政院撤銷經濟部核定亞泥展限的行政處分。

轉型正義都是假,圖利財團才是真

亞泥新城山的礦區原面積442公頃,礦業用地核定面積185公頃,九成五以上都位在原住民族保留地。出身富世部落的總統府原住民族歷史正義與轉型正益委員會委員歐蜜偉浪牧師指出,自亞泥1973年進駐開採以來,第一步就以欺騙、偽造權利拋棄同意書,並聯合鄉公所塗銷耕作權登記、占用族人土地來取得土地使用權,迫使原本住在平台上的50戶部落集體迫遷到山腳,完全失去了賴以維生的耕地、獵場,引發了「反亞泥,還我土地運動」,持續奮鬥30多年才有僅存的兩位第一代地主拿回土地所有權狀。

然而地主就算拿回了權狀,還是無法踏上自己的土地,要靠立法院的委員考察,才能進到礦場;而更多本來要讓世代子孫生存的原保地,在這樣日復一日的開採中,就完全消失了!如今,在部落完全不知情、土地所有權人未同意的狀況下,亞泥居然可以繼續開採20年!戴秋貴強調:「小英政府嘴裡說著轉型正義,從傳統領域到亞泥在原保地上的爭議,顯示政府已經全面毀棄了對原住民族的承諾。」

連基本生命財產安全的保障都沒有!

夠尚.優耀牧師表示,族人雖是在民間團體的說明下,才知道中央地調所早在礦場和部落間公告了多處山崩與地滑地質敏感區、以及水保局在當地公告了花縣DF003、DF004及 DF022三條土石流潛勢溪流。但生活在距離礦場開採地點不過300公尺的中富世部落,每到颱風季,部落北側溪流(DF003)的土石泥流,就要透過橫跨部落上方的排水溝,匯入西側的無名溪才有出口,部落除了每每得忍受泥流侵襲,更害怕土石流何時會淹出排水系統。礦場邊坡發生崩塌多回,過去在礦場工作的族人,更不時警告在山體中發現的巨大裂隙。部落顯然在如此巨大的環境與災害風險中,政府卻能為了亞泥,完全不顧部落安全與意願,讓亞泥在始終免環評、免告知、免同意的狀況下,80年的爆破開採部落土地到2037年!亞泥在太魯閣閣口劣跡斑斑的開發歷程,小英政府不但未重視,更藉由護航亞泥,讓部落受到的迫害還要再延續二十年。



《砍你雙腳、再賣你輪椅》原青行動劇諷政商勾結

原住民族青年為了聲援北上抗爭的太魯閣族人,則自主排演了《砍你雙腳、再賣你輪椅》行動劇,諷喻政商勾結,亞泥與小英政府是迫害、離間族人,讓族人持續在自己的土地上流離失所的共同正犯。政府不斷藉著扭曲法規後的「依法行政」,犧牲原住民族的權利與安全、讓渡利益給財團;而財團更拿著工作機會綁架族人,使族人為了生活噤聲,甚至操弄族人內部、原漢之間的對立與矛盾。這些荒謬的作為,就像是砍了原住民族的雙腳,再賣輪椅給族人一般,事實上族人毫無選擇和自由,只能任憑政府與財團聯手宰割。透過行動劇揭露部落的實際處境,原住民族青年們希望讓大家看見這邪惡的制度與失衡的結構必須被推翻,以亞泥案而言,除了撤銷展限,沒有其他選擇!

高志鵬:不再容忍經濟部,行政院要給出交代

立院經濟委員會召集委員高志鵬表示,立法院經濟委員會做成決議要求修法前暫停礦業權展限,亞泥新城山礦區卻以史上最快的三個月偷跑通過,令人完全無法接受,立法院經濟委員會每週都安排相關主題的專案報告、審查、會勘,明天週四將舉辦礦業法修法公聽會,接下來還將成立調閱小組。

行政院已承諾要送出完整的政院版修法草案,證明行政院承認礦業開發制度的問題必須被處理,高志鵬委員也再次宣示在本會期完成修正礦業法的決心,土地和環境必須進行轉型正義。

經濟委員會也做了決議,要求經濟部回頭檢視核定程序,自行撤銷,因為經濟部未依礦業法所規定的公共利益影響進行實質評估,亞泥也未曾踐行原基法與其他法規所要求之應有程序,經濟部明顯有重大的程序瑕疵及行政裁量濫用。在經濟部對此仍置之不理下,高志鵬委員決定要陪族人走完後續的救濟程序,擔起義務律師團團長的重擔。立法院對行政院持續強力監督,也指出改正錯誤、解決問題的方向,呼籲行政院撤銷經濟部的展限處分。

高潞.以用:行政院用會議架空原基法,替財團解套!

立法委員高潞.以用.巴魕剌指出,依最高行政法院92年判字第936號見解:「礦業權之展限顯然屬於新權利之賦與」,展限時自應按「程序從新」的行政法適用原則,依當時相關法律,進行審查等程序並獲許可後,才能核定展限。亞泥新城山礦區位於原住民保留地,自然必須根據原住民族基本法第21條,循法定諮商程序取得當地太魯閣族或部落同意後,經濟部才得以核准亞泥繼續開發,否則即是違法處分,自始無效必須予以撤銷。

高潞指出,諮商取得同意,可說是原基法給予部落面對外來侵害最基本的防禦權,這件事在亞泥案中尤其明顯。然而行政院在亞泥去年11月送審前夕,開了「研商礦業案件踐行原住民族基本法第21條規定之時點會議」,其所做出的違法結論不但沒有權責依據,更進一步證實了民進黨的行政院為了替財團解套,甚至可以完全不顧部落安危,所作所為比起1997年專案許可亞泥在國家公園採礦的國民黨政府有過之而無不及。

台灣蠻野心足生態協會秘書長,也是本次訴願義務律師團召集人的謝孟羽律師表示,經濟部給予亞泥展限20年的處分,顯然具有許多瑕疵,例如:採礦權展限對周遭居民的影響並未經實質審查、礦權展限是否有害公益都沒有處理,一次給20年也有裁量濫用的問題,未踐行原基法第21條之諮商同意權程序更是明顯重大的瑕疵。因此義務律師團向行政院提起撤銷訴願,希望行政院能改正經濟部的錯誤,撤銷經濟部的違法展限處分,要求經濟部盡快補足相關審查程序,並要求亞泥盡速踐行原基法第21條諮商同意權,保障部落族人的權益。

地球公民基金會潘正正指出,今天族人千里跋涉來到台北提出訴願,是要求政府還給部落居民基本權。這議題所影響的不只有原住民,沒有人是局外人。自3月23日地球公民與蠻野心足發起「拼十萬人連署  捍衛太魯閣」,僅20日連署人數已達四萬人,我們要號召全民一起參與連署,嚴正要求小英政府捍衛民眾身家安全,為後代子孫守護山林水土的永續環境。

記者會最後,由高志鵬委員代表義務律師團,與族人一起向行政院遞交訴願書。


時間:2017/04/12(三)09:45
地點:行政院門口

發起團體:反亞泥還我土地自救會、地球公民基金會、台灣蠻野心足生態協會、惜根台灣協會

詳情請見蠻野心足生態協會:
http://zh.wildatheart.org.tw/story/911/8048

2017年4月10日 星期一

「民團譴責監院淪國民黨打手 籲仉桂美下台」會後新聞稿




「民團譴責監院淪國民黨打手 籲仉桂美下台」
永社 記者會後新聞稿

日前馬英九提名的全體監察委員,對「不當黨產處理條例」聲請釋憲,但黨產條例與監察院「行使職權」根本無關,此外監院聲請釋憲的調查意見,不但與國民黨新聞稿主張大致相同,而且嚴重缺乏對於國際法與德國法認為公務人員財產增加「應有正當理由」的認知和理解,因此永社及北社、台灣社、台灣教授協會、台灣陪審團協會等民間團體今(04/10)早於監察院前舉辦記者會,高呼「譴責監察院,仉桂美下台」的口號,呼籲大法官逕為「不受理決議」,勿理會黨國監委的「護黨產」政治動作,也鄭重警告全民納稅血汗錢供養的監委,莫要淪為國民黨「護黨產」的免費釋憲代理人。

  永社副理事長黃帝穎律師表示,比對監察院對「黨產條例」的調查報告可以發現,監察院聲請釋憲的調查意見,與國民黨聲稱「黨產條例違憲違法」的新聞稿內容主張大致相同,堪稱是國民黨的代理人,調查報告中指摘黨產條例直接「推定有罪」,其缺乏民主素養與國際法常識之處,也與國民黨的主張幾乎相同!

  黃帝穎強調,若監委稍能理解國際法與德國法,應可知黨產條例並無「推定有罪」或「違憲」問題。依據《聯合國反貪腐公約》第二十條規定︰「…公職人員之資產顯著增加,而其本人又無法以其合法收入提出合理解釋」得定為犯罪。簡單的說,類似黨產條例「舉證責任轉換」的立法設計,顯然符合國際法例,根本沒有黨國監委誣指的違憲問題。再者,德國處理黨產之獨立委員會於一九九二年決議中也揭示,德國要求獨裁政黨對其財產取得之正當性負起舉證責任(註),監委如稍有國際觀與民主常識,應不會誤信國民黨主張的「推定有罪」,違反法治精神等「護黨產」辯詞。

  黃帝穎律師也提醒監院和司法院,依據大法官審理案件第五條第一項第一款規定,大法官受理中央機關釋憲的關鍵要件在於「行使職權」,但監院法定職權與黨產條例毫無關係,大法官自得依同條第三項「應不受理」。

  台灣陪審團協會鄭文龍律師指出,依據憲法和憲法增修條文,監察院職權應該是對行政權的監督,不應該對立法權指手畫腳,鄭文龍嚴正指責監察院針對黨產條例聲請釋憲是「不當擴權」。

  台灣北社李川信教授痛批監察院正事不辦,專門當國民黨的打手,全民都應該予以譴責,監委在過去是黨國威權的遺毒,如果現在的監委還是一樣,人民必然會唾棄!

  台灣社張葉森社長重申,國民黨的黨產來自於全民的財產,卻成為國民黨的養分,是台灣的恥辱,不黨黨產的處理是國民黨重要的一環,連馬英九都認為應該處理,因此呼籲末代監察院不要成為國民黨的打手和代理人。

  錢文南教授則批評仉桂美是「大面神」、自以為自己權力很大,但這樣的認知和做法是非常不妥當的行為,社會各界應該要一起來譴責。

  黃帝穎最後呼應李川信教授的說法,提醒監察院,三中交易案和國發院土地案都被質疑有違法之處,監察院應該要去查當時台北市長馬英九有無違失,這才是監察院的主要職責!

  永社及各民間團體在監察院前,共同喊出「譴責監察院,仉桂美下台」的口號,呼籲大法官逕為「不受理決議」,切勿理會黨國監委的「護黨產」政治動作,也鄭重警告全民納稅血汗錢供養的監委,莫要淪為國民黨「護黨產」的免費釋憲代理人。

註:可參見德國獨立委員會一九九二年七月二十一日決議,第十二屆德國國會,附件二,印刷品。

時間:04/10(一)10:00
地點:監察院大門前(忠孝東路、中山南路口)
主辦:永社、北社、台灣社
協辦:台灣陪審團協會、台灣教授協會

出席:
鄭文龍律師(台灣陪審團協會創會理事長)
黃帝穎律師(永社副理事長)
李川信教授(北社副社長)
張葉森醫師(台灣社社長)
錢文南教授

*新聞聯絡人:
永社副理事長 黃帝穎律師 02-2388-2505
永社副秘書長 洪崇晏 02-2388-3997 tfawork2014@gmail.com


【相關報導】

民報/監委對黨產條例聲請釋憲 民團:淪國民黨打手 仉桂美下台
http://www.peoplenews.tw/news/5a347019-6d5b-48bb-bfd5-5dbde30a07ab